Methodology

Threat reporting

This threat reporting guide and submission form is designed to collect structured, reliable information on incidents of antisemitism and antigypsyism, helping to build a clearer picture of the nature, scale, and impact of such threats. We aim to document specific incidents—ranging from vandalism to physical attacks—alongside any identifiable individuals, groups, or institutions responsible. In addition, where possible, we seek to capture the false narratives or disinformation that may have incited, justified, or amplified these incidents, to better understand how hate and bias are spread and sustained within local and national contexts. In short, we seek:

• Incidents of antisemitism and antigypsyism
• Responsible actors or groups (if identifiable)
• Related false narratives or disinformation (if identifiable)

Verifiability

Ideally each incident would have two or more independent sources to verify the incident took place. However, not all incidents will be reported to the media and police may be unwilling or unable to verify an incident, especially during an active investigation. Therefore, please identify first whether the incident is verified (two or more sources), partially verified (one source) or unverified (no sources).

Methodology

Please refer to the following three criteria and their explanations when identifying which incidents to report:

• (A)  Incident is motivated by either definition of antisemitism or antigypsyism
• (B)  Incident involves either violence or damage to property
• (C)  Incident can be mapped geographically

^A Definitions

Antisemitism (IHRA): antisemitism is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities.

Antigypsyism (IHRA): antigypsyism/anti-Roma discrimination is a manifestation of individual expressions and acts as well as institutional policies and practices of marginalization, exclusion, physical violence, devaluation of Roma cultures and lifestyles, and hate speech directed at Roma as well as other individuals and groups perceived, stigmatized, or persecuted during the Nazi era, and still today, as “Gypsies.” This leads to the treatment of Roma as an alleged alien group and associates them with a series of pejorative stereotypes and distorted images that represent a specific form of racism.

^B Violence or damage to property

Violent incidents are acts of physical aggression, attempted or actual, directed at individuals or groups perceived to be Jewish or Roma, or associated institutions, properties, symbols, or gatherings, motivated wholly or in part by antisemitic or antigypsy bias. These include, but are not limited to, physical assaults, arson, bombings, shootings, antagonistic vandalism, and other actions causing or intending to cause physical injury, fear, or intimidation.

^C Geographically mappable

Geographically mappable incidents are reported occurrences of antisemitic or antigypsy incidents that meet criteria (A) and (B) that can additionally be reliably linked to a specific physical location (e.g. a school, synagogue, Roma settlement, public space, or neighbourhood). This definition allows for the inclusion of a broad range of incidents, provided they can be tied to a real-world location.

Geographic mapping does not include incidents that lack a clear, identifiable physical location or cannot be reliably tied to a specific place. Specifically, it excludes:

• Online-only incidents, such as hate speech or threats made via social media, messaging platforms, or websites, where no physical setting is involved.
• Ambiguous or anonymous reports without location data (e.g. general accounts of discrimination without time/place specifics).
• General societal attitudes or trends, survey results, or ideological content that is not linked to a specific event or location.
• Secondary reports (e.g. hearsay or media summaries) that mention antisemitic or antigypsy incidents without specifying where they occurred.

Optional additional information

^D Actors or group responsible

In some cases, it may be possible to identify a specific actor or group (such as through a tag or associated social media post) that is either responsible for the incident itself or for glorifying or diminishing it after the fact. In this case, please include a short description of these actors, respecting the following points:

• Only name actors or groups where there is clear, credible, and corroborated evidence of involvement.
• Clearly distinguish between individuals, spontaneous groups, organised networks, or institutional actors.
• In the case of individuals, note whether they acted as part of an organised campaign, a hate group, or alone.
• Use accurate, neutral language (e.g., “a member of a far-right youth group”, “local authority representative”) rather than generalisations (e.g., “the far right”, “local government”).
• Use qualifiers (e.g., “allegedly”, “reportedly”, “according to witnesses”) where attribution is not yet confirmed by authorities or reliable sources.
• Be mindful of privacy laws, presumption of innocence, and the potential for defamation.

^E False narratives & disinformation

When recording incidents involving antisemitism or antigypsyism, it may be possible to identify and accurately describe any false narratives, conspiracy theories, or disinformation that played a role in incitement, justification, or wider dissemination. In this case, please include a short description of these actors, respecting the following points:

• Describe the underlying false narrative, not just the surface-level misinformation.

E.g., Instead of merely stating “they claimed Roma are criminals,” document the broader narrative: “The incident was fuelled by the longstanding false narrative that associates Roma communities with inherent criminality”.
• Avoid repeating offensive language or disinformation without clearly labelling it as false.

• Use terms like “conspiracy theory,” “unfounded rumour,” or “debunked claim” to mark disinformation clearly and consistently.
• Where possible, briefly explain the origin, persistence, or purpose of the narrative.

E.g., “This antisemitic trope has roots in medieval accusations of ritual murder and continues to circulate online during crises.”
• Indicate how the false narrative contributed to incitement, normalisation of prejudice, target selection, or violence.

E.g., “The false claim that Roma were intentionally spreading disease led to a vigilante attack on a family in the settlement.