Rounding up, expulsion, and deportation of Jews without Hungarian citizenship to Ukraine

Due to annexation of territories that belonged to Hungary before the Trianon Peace Treaty, and the influx from refugees from Germany, Austria, Czechia, Slovakia and Poland, thousands of Jews came under Hungarian rule by summer 1941. Following a decision by the Council of Ministers on 15 July 1941, the rounding up, expulsion and deportation of Jews from across Hungary to Ukraine began, targeting those unable to prove their Hungarian citizenship. In less than a month, nearly 20,000 Jews were deported. On 12 August, Hungarian authorities halted the deportations at the request of the German military authorities occupying Ukraine due to the risk of an epidemic and supply difficulties. As Hungary was unwilling to take back those already deported, German authorities decided to 'liquidate' them. Between 27 and 28 August 1941, approximately 23,600 Jews, most of whom had been deported from Hungary, were murdered by Friedrich Jeckeln's troops near Kamianets-Podilskyi.