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1939
Czechia
Antisemitism

Aktion Nisko: planning and first deportations

Under the direction of Adolf Eichmann, acting on orders from Gestapo chief Heinrich Müller, Nazi authorities prepared and launched Aktion Nisko—an early experiment in mass expulsion. Jews from Silesia, Ostrava, Katowice, and Vienna were deported to a so-called “retraining” camp near Nisko in occupied Poland. Beginning on 17–18 October, transports carried around 5,000 Jewish men who were forced to build the camp at Zarzecze. Although the project was abandoned in 1940, it functioned as a pilot for later large-scale deportations and segregation policies.

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